I was raised in a house where my sisters and I weren't trusted by our mother to manage our own appearance. A few years ago, I was home for a visit when my mom, now in her early 70s, called me into her bedroom. We were about ready to leave for dinner. "I don't know what to wear," She complained. "You girls always look so good."

I paused in the doorway and looked at her，wondering if I'd misheard. "What do you mean?" I asked her. "You know what to wear." "No," she answered. "I don't. Can you pick some for me?" I was so surprised.

This was the same woman that, in 1989, told my younger sister she wasn't allowed to leave the house wearing a pair of ripped (撕碎的) jeans; the same woman that, in high school, called me while I was out at a party to ask if my hair was tied up, "You look better with it down," she told me. Before I could answer I realized, suddenly, that my mother not only wanted my opinion, but needed it. I pulled a pair of blue jeans and a light blue sweater. "Wear this with your black shoes," I told her. She did. My mother certainly doesn't need anyone to take care of her. In fact, she still cares for my grandmother who lives with her. But with that question, my mother and I started the role reversal (转换) that happens to all parents and all children, from caregivers to receivers.

Now, if I'm visiting or we're together, it's rare for her to wear anything without checking with me first. But every so often, it seems like she asks me just to be able to disagree with my answer and pick out something on her own. And when she does, I just tell her what I think of the way she looks. Sometimes it's "great", and sometimes it's "awful".

Jack Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington. He inherited (继承) a million dollars when he was 23, but he wasn't happy at all. When his college friends were looking for their jobs, he didn't have to. Jack decided to live a simple life like everyone else. He gave $ 10,000 of his money to a charity (慈善机构) to help poor children live a better life. Today he is 36. He still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small car only, but he is very happy.

Up to now Jack has helped some children from poor countries all over the world, by sending them each $ 200 a month. The money was used for the children's study, food, medicine and clothing. Jack receives a report each year on the children's progress (进步). They can write to each other, but usually the children do not speak English.

When Jack first heard about these children, he wanted to help them. "It was nothing special," he said. "Until I went to these countries and met the children I was helping, l didn't know anything about their lives." Once Jack went to meet a little girl in Africa. He said that the meeting was very exciting. "When I met her, I felt very, very happy." he said, "And I saw that the money was used for a good cause. It brought me happiness. I want to do everything I can to go on helping those children."

Eco­friendly Vauban, lied in the southwest part of Germany, has everything—tree­lined streets, perfect houses—but it's missing one urban feature of the last 100 years or so: the car. And Vauban residents don't mind one bit. Vauban doesn't ban cars entirely. Rather, it just tries to reduce the use of cars by creating "parking­free" and "car­free" living. In Vauban, parking spots are a no­no private property. Cars can only be parked in public parking lots, so living without a car saves residents the cost of parking in the public lot. Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits. With these limitations, fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars. And now, with a population of 5,500, it's attracting attention from around the world. Can an eco­friendly city like Vauban be a model for Americans to stop their over­ reliance on the cars?

Sometimes when I watch a news report what's in the back of my mind is what isn't being reported or stressed. While this eco­friendly city is inspiring in that it shows residents getting exercise and fresh air through the majority use of bicycles, as well as good old­fashioned walking, common sense would tell you that even for a place like Vauban, Germany, it owes its existence to the cars.

Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco­friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this city. It's one of the paradoxes of life that sometimes in order to get away from relying on something like the car, you actually have to rely on that very thing at the beginning and into the foreseeable future to some degree.

I myself haven't owned a car for more than 14 years, and mostly get around town running, walking, or using public transportation. There are times I wish I had one, since it would make many things easier, but overall I'm glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy. To get even close to being like eco­friendly Vauban, Americans will need to absolutely change the way they live. Commuting (乘车上下班) patterns will have to change, public transportation will have to be invested in, and so on. And though ending our love affair with the car will be impossible during my lifetime, we may at least start to see more Vauban­like areas in the USA.

We can hope that Americans will consider using their feet more to get around, cutting down on pollution, and giving themselves some more exercise.

Some people dream about becoming engineers. Luckily the new IMAX film Dream Big shows how engineering can improve people's lives. It teaches viewers how engineers use high­tech to help the world. The film hits IMAX theaters nationwide on February 17 to celebrate Engineers Week.

The film, taking place in locations like China, Dubai and Africa, tells the stories of engineers who try to come up with creative ideas to save energy and help people.

Dream Big was directed by Greg MacGillivray who has 38 films under his belt, including some of the most successful films ever shown in IMAX theaters.

How did MacGillivray get into the movie­making business? "I grew up at the beach. My first movies were about surfing and the ocean. As time went on, I saw the changes in the ocean including polluting and overfishing. So I started making films about conservation of nature." He told TFK. Now, his films cover a variety of topics, from the natural world to human creation.

One of the engineers in Dream Big is Angelica Hernandez. In high school, she was on a team that best MIT, a university, in an underwater robotics competition. Today, the engineering work she does focuses on helping people use less energy and save money and resources. "I work with companies to promote energy efficiency with their commercial customers, so it's really trying to push forward all the measures that customers and high­energy users can apply. "she explains.

"Engineering is such a good job—you make good money, travel around the world, solve amazing problems and help people." She says.

The mission of Dream Big is to show people the good that engineers can do to the world. "That was the impulse of making this movie," MacGillivray explains, "We want to explain engineering in a way that will get the kids very excited about it. " "Whoever and wherever you are, you can become an engineer," he adds, "all you need is the creative spirit."

Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19,000­pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks? They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of us can imagine. .

So how do the trainers at Sea World do it? The first thing they do is reinforce (强化) the behavior that they want repeated—in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope. , in a position where the whale can't help but do what's expected of it. Every time the whale goes over the rope, it's given positive reinforcement and gets fed with fish. But what happened when the whale goes under the rope? Nothing—no criticism, no warning and no feedback. .

Positive reinforcement is the key of that simple principle that produces such splendid results. And as the whale begins to go over the rope more often than under, the trainers begin to raise the rope. It must be raised slowly enough so that the whale doesn't starve.

. Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently. Secondly, under­ criticize. People know they need help when they mess up. , people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it.

So we need to set up the circumstances so that people can't fail. Over­ celebrate, under­ criticize...and know how far to raise the rope.

A. This is a great challenge

B. And the whale stays right where it is

C. If we figure out a way to motivate the whale

D. They start with the rope below the surface of the water

E. If we under­ criticize, punish and discipline less than expected

F. Whales are taught that their negative behavior won't be acknowledged

G. The simple lesson to be learned from the whale trainers is to over­celebrate

My parents came to America in the early 1970s. My grandmother on my mother's side was a very wise woman. She was probably the 1 person I have known, 2 she only went to second grade. But she had her daughters go to school and asked them to tell her everything they were 3 in school.

She got along well with everyone. She used to say, "If you do right to people, most of them will do 4 to you." She advised us to stay away from gossip. She taught us to treat people with good 5. It was the essence (精髓) of living in harmony with other people. She was always 6 to help a neighbor. If a woman just had a baby, she would 7 soup. My grandmother was everybody's mother and grandmother.

She 8 99 years. She died during a nap (小睡). She had gone to take a(n) 9 in a rocking chair. She told her daughter that she was 10 and needed a nap. The next thing I 11, "Mama!" They say that you see the person you love just before you die, so she probably saw her mother! All of us were in deep sorrow. Over the years I have stayed in 12 with cousins.

I've never been back to Cuba. The last time I was there was 1959. I do 13 the people and the beaches. However, the people are not there anymore. My friends and family are not there. I miss things like carnival (狂欢节) which is great 14 with singing and dancing in the streets. I even went to a nightclub or two when I was very young. All of these 15 me a wonderful and unforgettable memory.

Wind, rain, and ice have been shaping Brimham Rocks for the last 320 million years. It has even become a National Trust landmark and an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, (draw) visitors to enjoy the outdoors of North Yorkshire, England. Earlier this year, , some visitors have damaged it in a few seconds.

At around 8：45 pm on Friday, June l, a group of five young people (see) pushing a rock at the top of one of the cliffs, North Yorkshire Police said. This resulted the rock falling from the top, causing damage to the cliff face. The damage is serious and it is now in a potentially (可能地) (danger) condition.

The incident has caused huge damage to both the rock and the cliff face, and those teens put (they) in danger and have created a potential risk for other visitors to Brimham Rocks.

Helen Clarke, from the National Trust, (add), "It might have been fun for some people. Actually, it is just (complete)meaningless and needless. "

While everyone is angry with the teens on social media, the police are asking for help. you have any (inform) about the identity of those teens, please contact officers at 12180097959.

1）如何发现书包的；

2）送还书包的时间和地点。

注意：

1）词数80左右；

2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry Ⅳ, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long­lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first­time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.